The stems are anodyne, antifungal, antiphlogistic, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative, galactogogue, resolvent, stimulant, stomachic and vulnerary[174, 178, 218, 238]. Taken internally, it controls bacterial and fungal infections and is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, lack of menstruation, to improve lactation etc²³⁸. The stems are harvested in the autumn and dried for later use²³⁸. The fruit is antirheumatic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, stomachic and tonic²¹⁸. It is a popular remedy for cancer²¹⁸. The root is febrifuge²¹⁸. The plant was ranked 13th in a survey of 250 potential antifertility plants in China Plants For A Future